Pane kumwe kuvhiringika kwakatenderedza hukama pakati peiyo chaiyo yekutadza, kushivirira kwayo kwekugadzira uye mwero wekubvumidzwa kwemukati kana 'kutamba' pakati pemijaho nemabhora. Pano, Wu Shizheng, maneja maneja wediki uye madiki mabheji nyanzvi JITO Bearings, anojekesa kuti sei ngano iyi ichienderera uye izvo mainjiniya anofanirwa kutarisa.
Munguva yeHondo Yenyika Yechipiri, mufekitori yezvombo muScotland, mumwe murume asinganyanyozivikanwa nezita rekuti Stanley Parker akatanga pfungwa yechinzvimbo chaicho, kana chatinoziva nhasi seGeometric Dimensioning & Tolerancing (GD&T). Parker akacherekedza kuti kunyangwe zvimwe zvezvikamu zvinoshanda zviri kugadzirwa torpedoes zvaive zvichirambwa mushure mekuongororwa, zvaive zvichiri kuendeswa kunogadzirwa.
Paakanyatsotarisisa, akaona kuti ndiko kuyerwa kwetolerance ndiko kwaikonzeresa. Iyo yechinyakare XY kurongeka kushivirira kwakagadzira nzvimbo yekushivirira yakaenzana, iyo isingabatanidzi chikamu kunyangwe icho chaitora poindi munzvimbo yakakomberedzwa yedenderedzwa pakati pemakona emakona. Akapfuurira kubudisa zvaakawana pamusoro penzira yokuziva nayo nzvimbo yechokwadi mubhuku rine musoro unoti Drawings and Dimensions.
*Kubvumidzwa kwemukati
Nhasi, nzwisiso iyi inotibatsira kugadzira mabearings anoratidza imwe nhanho yekutamba kana kusununguka, neimwe nzira inozivikanwa seyemukati clearance kana, kunyanya, radial uye axial play. Radial play ndiyo clearance yakayerwa perpendicular to the beararing axis uye axial play ndiko kucheneswa kwakayerwa mukufambirana neakisi inotakura.
Mutambo uyu wakagadzirirwa mubereko kubva pakutanga kubvumira kutakura kutsigira mitoro mumamiriro ezvinhu akasiyana-siyana, tichifunga nezvezvinhu zvakadai sekuwedzera kwekushisa uye kuti kukwana pakati pezvindori zvemukati nekunze zvichakanganisa sei kubereka hupenyu.
Kunyanya, clearance inogona kukanganisa ruzha, vibration, kupisa kunetseka, deflection, kugovera mutoro uye hupenyu hwekuneta. Yepamusoro radial kutamba inodiwa mumamiriro ezvinhu apo mhete yemukati kana shaft inotarisirwa kupisa uye kuwedzera panguva yekushandiswa kana ichienzaniswa nemhete yekunze kana imba. Mumamiriro ezvinhu aya, kutamba mukubereka kunoderedza. Sezvineiwo, kutamba kuchawedzera kana mhete yekunze ichiwedzera kupfuura yemukati.
Higher axial play inodiwa muzvirongwa apo pane kusawirirana pakati pe shaft neimba sezvo kusaruramisa kunogona kukonzera kutakura nediki remukati remukati kukundikana nekukurumidza. Yakakura clearance inogona zvakare kubvumira iyo kutakura kuti ikwanise kubata nepamusoro zvishoma mitoro yekusundidzira sezvo ichiunza yakakwira yekubata kona.
*Fitments
Izvo zvakakosha kuti mainjiniya arove chiyero chakakodzera chekubvumidzwa kwemukati mukutakura. Mutambo wakabatikana wakanyanya nekutamba usina kukwana unoburitsa kupisa kwakanyanya uye kupokana, izvo zvinozoita kuti mabhora atsveke mujaho uye nekukasira kupfeka. Saizvozvovo, kucheneswa kwakawandisa kuchawedzera ruzha uye kudedera uye kuderedza kutenderera chaiko.
Kuchenesa kunogona kudzorwa nekushandisa zvakasiyana-siyana. Injiniya inokwana inoreva kubvumidzwa pakati pezvikamu zviviri zvinosangana. Izvi zvinowanzotsanangurwa semugodhi uri mugomba uye zvinomiririra chiyero chekusimba kana kusunungura pakati peshaft nemhete yemukati uye pakati pemhete yekunze neimba. Kazhinji inozviratidza mune yakasununguka, clearance fit kana yakasimba, kukanganisa kupindirana.
Kusungirirana kwakasimba pakati pemhete yemukati uye shaft kwakakosha kuti irambe iripo uye kudzivirira zvisingadiwe creepage kana kutsvedza, izvo zvinogona kuburitsa kupisa uye kuzunguza uye kukonzeresa kushatisa.
Zvakadaro, kupindirana kwakakodzera kunoderedza kubvumidzwa mubhokisi rebhora sezvo richiwedzera ring yemukati. Iyo yakafanana yakasimba inokwana pakati peimba uye yekunze mhete muberengi ine yakaderera radial play inodzvanya mhete yekunze uye kuderedza clearance zvakatowedzera. Izvi zvinozoguma nekubvumidzwa kwemukati kwakashata - zvinobudirira kupa shaft yakakura kupfuura gomba - uye zvinotungamira mukukwesha kwakanyanya uye kutadza kwekutanga.
Chinangwa ndechekuita zero yekutamba yekutamba kana fani ichimhanya pasi pemamiriro akajairwa. Nekudaro, iyo yekutanga radial play inodiwa kuti uwane izvi inogona kukonzera matambudziko nemabhora ekutsvedza kana kutsvedza, kuderedza kusimba uye kutenderera chaiko. Iyi yekutanga radial play inogona kubviswa uchishandisa preloading. Preloading inzira yekuisa axial load inogara pabearing, kana yangoiswa, nekushandisa washer kana zvitubu zvakasungirirwa ring yemukati kana yekunze.
Mainjiniya anofanirwawo kufunga nezve chokwadi chekuti zviri nyore kudzikisa kubvumidzwa mune yakatetepa-chikamu fani nekuti mhete dzakatetepa uye zviri nyore kuremara. Semugadziri madiki uye madiki mabearings, JITO Bearings inopa vatengi vayo kuti kutarisirwa kwakawanda kunofanirwa kutorwa neshaft-to-imba inokwana. Shaft uye kutenderera kwedzimba kunonyanya kukosha nemhando dzakatetepa mabhengi nekuti kunze-kwe-kutenderera shaft ichakanganisa zvindori zvitete uye kuwedzera ruzha, vibration uye torque.
*Kushivirira
Kusanzwisisana pamusoro pebasa reradial uye axial play kwaita kuti vazhinji vavhiringe hukama pakati pekutamba uye nemazvo, kunyanya kurongeka kunobva mukushivirira kuri nani kwekugadzira.
Vamwe vanhu vanofunga kuti dhizaini yepamusoro haifanire kunge isina kutamba uye kuti inofanirwa kutenderera chaizvo. Kwavari, iyo yakasununguka radial play inonzwa kushoma uye inopa fungidziro yemhando yakaderera, kunyangwe ingave yakakwirira-chaiyo inotakura yakagadzirwa nemaune nekutamba kwakasununguka. Semuyenzaniso, takabvunza vamwe vatengi vedu munguva yapfuura kuti nei vachida dhizaini yepamusoro uye vakatiudza kuti vanoda, “kuderedza mutambo”.
Zvisinei, ichokwadi kuti kushivirira kunovandudza kururama. Pasina nguva mushure mekuuya kwekugadzirwa kwehuwandu, mainjiniya akaziva kuti hazvishande kana zvehupfumi, kana zvichikwanisika, kugadzira zvigadzirwa zviviri zvakafanana. Kunyangwe kana zvese zvekugadzira zvinosiyana zvichichengetwa zvakafanana, pachagara paine misiyano yemaminiti pakati peimwe unit uye inotevera.
Nhasi, izvi zvasvika pakumiririra kushivirira kunotenderwa kana kunogamuchirika. Makirasi ekushivirira emhando dzebhora, anozivikanwa se ISO (metric) kana ABEC (inch) ratings, anogadzirisa kutsauka kunobvumirwa uye zviyero zvevhavha zvinosanganisira saizi yemhete yemukati neyekunze uye kutenderera kwemhete nemigwagwa yemujaho. Iyo yakakwirira yekirasi uye yakasimba kushivirira, iyo yakanyatsojeka kubereka kuchave kana yaunganidzwa.
Nekurova chiyero chakakodzera pakati pekukodzera uye radial uye axial kutamba panguva yekushandiswa, mainjiniya anogona kuwana yakanakira zero yekushanda kubvumidzwa uye kuona yakaderera ruzha uye kutenderera chaiko. Mukuita izvi, tinokwanisa kujekesa kuvhiringika kuri pakati pemazvo uye kutamba uye, nenzira imwechete iyo Stanley Parker akashandura kuyerwa kweindasitiri, kushandura zvakanyanya nzira yatinotarisa pamabheya.
Nguva yekutumira: Kurume-04-2021
